ter a tentative beginning with the publication of the Nova Scotia Magazine (1789-92) in Halifax and the Quebec Magazine/Le magasin de Québec (1792-94) in Québec City, brief experiments in literary journalism in the British North American colonies appeared more frequently in the 1820s and 1830s with the increase in an educated middle-class population. The earliest magazines largely contained material reprinted from books, newspapers and British and American magazines. The response of contributors grew, however, and patriotic editors encouraged an indigenous literature, so that increasing amounts of original material were introduced.

Contributions were generally unsigned or acknowledged by initials or pseudonyms, such as “Canadensis”; the traditional anonymity of contributors was not abandoned until the latter part of the century. Some early titles - the Christian Recorder (Kingston and York, 1819-20, the first in Upper Canada), the Literary Miscellany (Montréal, 1822-23), the Canadian Magazine & Literary Repository (Montréal, 1823-25)

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